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2.4 ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS

2.4.2.2 GOVERNANCE OF PORTFOLIOS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS

Project governance refers to the framework, functions, and processes that guide project management activities in order to create a unique product, service, or result to meet organizational, strategic, and operational goals. There is no one governance framework that is effective in all organizations. A governance framework should be tailored to the organizational culture, types of projects, and the needs of the organization in order to be effective.

2.4.3 MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS

The key functions or principles of management include but are not limited to:

·       Division of work using specialized skills and availability to perform work; Authority given to perform work;

·       Responsibility to perform work appropriately assigned based on such attributes as skill and experience;

·       Discipline of action (e.g., respect for authority, people, and rules);

·       Unity of command (e.g., only one person gives orders for any action or activity to an individual);

·       Unity of direction (e.g., one plan and one head for a group of activities with the same objective);

·       General goals of the organization take precedence over individual goals;

·       Paid fairly for work performed;

·       Optimal use of resources;

·       Clear communication channels;

·       Right materials to the right person for the right job at the right time;

·       Fair and equal treatment of people in the workplace;

·       Clear security of work positions;

·       Safety of people in the workplace;

·       Open contribution to planning and execution by each person; and

·       Optimal morale.

As Henry Ford said, "Coming together is a beginning.

Keeping together is progress.

Working together is success."

As Laura Ingalls Wilder stated, "The trouble with organizing a thing is that pretty soon folks get to paying more attention to the organization than to what they're organized for."

As Woody Williams said, "No matter how good the team or how efficient the methodology, if we're not solving the right problem, the project fails."

Strategy is about maximizing your return on investment

strategies are about how you accomplish your return on investment.

The tactics are the projects that accomplish those strategies.

Each project should begin by projecting its impact on your return and strategy (benefit). That can keep project alive, simply because you can prove it’s returning on investment.